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--- wiki2:wordpress [2015/01/02 19:54]
alfred [Attaching CSS and JS]
+++ wiki2:wordpress [2020/05/09 09:25] (actual)
@@ Línea 54: / Línea 54: @@
   * Attachment.
+==== functions.php ====
+To add some logic to the template. The difference between functions.php and plugin.
+A WordPress plugin:
+  * Requires specific, unique header text
+  * Is stored in wp-content/plugins, usually in a subdirectory
+  * Only executes on page load when activated
+  * Applies to all themes
+  * Should have a single purpose, e.g., convert Posts to Pages, offer search engine optimization features, or help with backups
+A functions file:
+  * Requires no unique header text
+  * Is stored in theme’s subdirectory in wp-content/themes
+  * Executes only when in the active theme’s directory
+  * Applies only to that theme. If the theme is changed, the functionality is lost can have numerous blocks of code used for many different purposes
+In functions.php you can:
+  * Use WordPress hooks. For example, with the excerpt_length filter you can change your post excerpt length (from default of 55 words).
+  * Enable WordPress features with add_theme_support() to turn on post thumbnails, post formats, and navigation menus.
+  * Define functions you wish to reuse in multiple theme template files.
+functions.php is loaded during theme setup, after any plugin files have loaded.
+General uses for functions.php:
+  * Theme Setup
+  * Initial Setup
+  * Automatic Feed Links
+  * Navigation Menus
+  * Load Text Domain
+  * Post Thumbnails (to allow thumbnail images in posts)
+  * Post Formats
+  * Sidebars
+  * Custom header (to allow the user to use their own image)
+  * Custom background
+  * Add editor style
+  * Content width
+{{:wiki2:wordpress:example_functions_php.txt|This is an example of functions.php}}
 ==== Attaching CSS and JS ====
-There are two steps to use scripts and styles in your template. First to register and second to enqueue it  in the functions.php files.
+You will need to register and enqueue the plugins and styles. To do it, you must add a callback function to the head or the ''wp_enqueue_scripts'' event. To add it:
 <code php>
-// register a stylesheet:
+add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'register_styles' );
-wp_register_style( $handle, $src, $deps, $ver, $media );
-// register a script:
-wp_register_script( $handle, $src, $deps, $ver, $in_footer );
-// enqueue a style and a scriptt
-wp_enqueue_style( $handle );
-wp_enqueue_script( $handle );
 </code>
-  * $handle — is the reference for the script or style and is used in the enqueue function.
-  * $src — URL to the file you are registering.
+Then, to register and enqueue:
-  * $deps — array of any dependencies (optional).
+<code php>
-  * $ver — indicated version (optional)
+function register_styles() {
-  * $media — for style indicates the media type the script is intended for (optional).
+	wp_register_style( 'my-plugin',  get_template_directory_uri() . '/css/my_style.css' );
-  * $in_footer — for scripts places the scrip in the footer (optional).
+	wp_enqueue_style( 'my-plugin' );
-There are [[https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/basics/including-css-javascript/#default-scripts-included-and-registered-by-wordpress|some of them]] already registered.
+}
+</code>
+All of this code goes into the functions.php.
+You also can use ''plugins_url()''(for Plugins) and ''get_template_directory_uri()'' (for Themes) to get a proper URL.
+In the same way you will use ''wp_register_script'' and ''wp_enqueue_style''.
 ==== Page templates ====
-Special wordpress templates. They are only to change the look and feel of a page; they can be applied to a single page, a page section or a class of pages. page-about.php is a page template, more specific than page.php or index.php.
+Special wordpress templates. They are only to change the look and feel of a page (not a post); they can be applied to a single page, a page section or a class of pages. page-about.php is a page template, more specific than page.php or index.php.
+When a user requests a specific page, the core WordPress code decides which template to use for rendering that page. Template Hierarchy:
+  * Page Template — If the page has a custom template assigned, WordPress looks for that file and, if found, uses it.
+  * page-{slug}.php — Or else WordPress looks for and, if found, uses a specialized template named with the page’s slug.
+  * page-{id}.php — Or else WordPress looks for and, if found, uses a specialized template named with the page’s ID.
+  * page.php — Or else WordPress looks for and, if found, uses the theme’s default page template.
+index.php — Or else WordPress uses the theme’s index file.
+Name your template file so you can easily identify its template name, e.g., filename my-custom-page.php for the template name “My Custom Page.” Important! Do not use page- as a prefix, as WordPress will interpret the file as a specialized template, meant to apply to only one page on your site.
+For example: Your About page has a slug of ‘about’ and an ID of 6. If your active theme’s folder has a file named page-about.php or page-6.php, then WordPress will automatically find and use that file to render the About page.
 ==== The post loop ====
 It's used to display posts according to your instructions given by template tags. The basic loop is (while there are posts, display the posts):
@@ Línea 126: / Línea 172: @@
 </code>
 ==== Conditional tags ====
-They are used o control which templates are loaded on a certain page.
+They are used o control which templates are loaded on a certain page. Also which parts:
+  * [[https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/basics/conditional-tags/]]
@@ Línea 136: / Línea 183: @@
   * Conditional functions: ''is_user_logged_in()'', ''is_home()'', ''is_front_page()'', ''is_admin()''...
   * [[https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/basics/conditional-tags/|Other functions to ask the template]]
+  * ''bloginfo('name');'' to obtain information about the blog. Possible parameters: name, description, charset.
+  * ''the_title();''
+==== How to... ====
+=== Simple header ===
+<code php>
+ <head>
+        <meta charset="<?php bloginfo( 'charset' ); ?>">
+        <title><?php wp_title( '|', true, 'right' ); ?></title>
+        <link rel="stylesheet" href="<?php echo esc_url( get_stylesheet_uri() ); ?>" type="text/css" />
+<?php wp_head(); ?>
+    </head>
+</code>
+=== Create a front pate ===
+You must indicate on the admin panel that the front page won't show the first post but content from a created page. Then...
+<code php>
+<?php
+/*
+* Template Name: My Template
+*/
+get_header(); ?>
+<div id="container">
+    <div id="content" class="pageContent">
+    <h1 class="entry-title"><?php the_title(); ?></h1> <!-- Page Title -->
+    <?php
+    // TO SHOW THE PAGE CONTENTS
+    while ( have_posts() ) : the_post(); ?> <!--Because the_content() works only inside a WP Loop -->
+        <div class="entry-content-page">
+            <?php the_content(); ?> <!-- Page Content -->
+        </div><!-- .entry-content-page -->
+    <?php
+    endwhile; //resetting the page loop
+    wp_reset_query(); //resetting the page query
+    ?>
+    <?php
+    // TO SHOW THE POST CONTENTS
+    ?>
+        <?php
+        $my_query = new WP_Query( 'cat=1' ); // I used a category id 1 as an example
+        ?>
+        <?php if ( $my_query->have_posts() ) : ?>
+        <div id="post-<?php the_ID(); ?>" <?php post_class(); ?>>
+        <?php while ($my_query->have_posts()) : $my_query->the_post(); ?>
+            <h1 class="entry-title"><?php the_title(); ?></h1> <!-- Queried Post Title -->
+            <div class="entry-content">
+                <?php the_excerpt(); ?> <!-- Queried Post Excerpts -->
+            </div><!-- .entry-content -->
+        <?php endwhile; //resetting the post loop ?>
+        </div><!-- #post-<?php the_ID(); ?> -->
+        <?php
+        wp_reset_postdata(); //resetting the post query
+        endif;
+        ?>
+    </div><!-- #content -->
+</div><!-- #container -->
+</code>
+=== Get all posts ===
+Using the argument post_status=any and post_per_page=1:
+<code php>
+$args = array(
+              'post_type' => 'post',
+              'orderby'   => 'title',
+              'order'     => 'ASC',
+              'post_status' => 'any',
+              'posts_per_page' => -1,
+            );
+$my_query = new WP_Query($args);
+</code>
+=== Get a concrete page content ===
+<code php>
+<?php $the_query = new WP_Query( 'pagename=contact' ); ?>
+<?php while ( $the_query->have_posts() ) : $the_query->the_post(); ?>
+<h2><?php the_title(); ?></h2>
+<?php the_content(); ?>
+<?php endwhile; ?>
+<?php wp_reset_postdata(); ?>
+</code>
+=== Get child pages from front page ===
+First you must obtain the ID of the front page, it's stored in the wp_options WP table, as option_name=page_on_front and option_value=ID of the page. So if you want to retrieve this value, just use get_option('page_on_front').
+<code php>
+<?php $args = array(
+	'child_of'     => get_option('page_on_front'),
+	'post_type'    => 'page',
+	'post_status'  => 'publish',
+	'title_li'     => '',
+); ?>
+<?php $children = wp_list_pages( $args ); ?>
+<?php if ($children) : ?>
+<ul>
+<?php echo   $children; ?>
+</ul>
+<?php endif; ?>
+</code>
+==== Other functionalities ====
+  * [[http://codex.wordpress.org/Post_Thumbnails|Post thumbnails]]
+  * [[http://codex.wordpress.org/Custom_Headers|Custom headers]]
 ===== Plugins =====

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